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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zoom (software)</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see <a href="Zoom_Communications" title="Zoom Communications">Zoom Communications</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Zoom</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><div class="infobox-caption">Participants in a shared Zoom call in 2020</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Eric_Yuan" title="Eric Yuan">Eric Yuan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Zoom_Communications" title="Zoom Communications">Zoom Communications</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">October 12, 2011<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2011-10-12</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">6.5.7

/ July 22, 2025<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2025-07-22</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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<ul><li><a href="Android_8.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Android 8.0">Android 8.0</a> and later</li>

<li><a href="Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> and later</li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">OS X Mavericks</a> and later</li>

<li><a href="IOS_13" title="IOS 13">iOS 13</a> and later</li>

<li><a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

</div><a href="TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a><sup id="cite_ref-tvosverge_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvosverge-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<a href="VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>, <a href="TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a>, <a href="VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">15 languages<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">Videoconferencing</a>, <a href="Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">VoIP</a>, and <a href="Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Freemium" title="Freemium">Freemium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zoom.com/">zoom.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Zoom Workplace</b> (commonly known and stylized as <b>zoom</b>) is a <a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> <a href="Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">videotelephony</a> software program developed by <a href="Zoom_Communications" title="Zoom Communications">Zoom Communications</a>. The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Zoom_Communications" title="Zoom Communications">Zoom Communications</a></div>

<p>A beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 – more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times.<sup id="cite_ref-guard1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guard1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tny_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tny-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During the <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for <a href="Remote_work" title="Remote work">remote work</a>, <a href="Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and online social relations.<sup id="cite_ref-zoomnow_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zoomnow-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

<p>Zoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.<sup id="cite_ref-busin_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-busin-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cw_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom is compatible with <a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>, and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>. It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise.<sup id="cite_ref-techrep_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techrep-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytdropbox_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytdropbox-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Features include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-wallst1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallst1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Use of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available.<sup id="cite_ref-techrep_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techrep-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wallst1_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallst1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pricing_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pricing-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to 49 people can be seen on a <a href="Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop</a> or <a href="Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a> screen at once,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up to 4 people per screen in <a href="IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> and <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a> and <a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>, and up to 16 people per screen on <a href="IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>.

</p><p>Zoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with <a href="AES_256" class="mw-redirect" title="AES 256">AES 256</a> <a href="Galois/Counter_Mode" title="Galois/Counter Mode">GCM</a> encryption enabled for all users.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Zoom also offers a transcription service using <a href="Otter.ai" title="Otter.ai">Otter.ai</a> software that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as <a href="Hardware_as_a_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware as a service">hardware as a service</a> products.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service.<sup id="cite_ref-uct1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uct1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-uct1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uct1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events.<sup id="cite_ref-digi_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digi-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online.<sup id="cite_ref-inc-1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inc-1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including <a href="Slack_Technologies" title="Slack Technologies">Slack</a>, <a href="Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a>, <a href="Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-digi_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digi-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inc-1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inc-1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Qatalog. In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Also in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with <a href="BT_Global_Services" title="BT Global Services">Global BT Business</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In February 2021, Zoom added a "virtual receptionist" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. The feature was created to cater to in-person visitors at a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a <a href="White-label_product" title="White-label product">white-label product</a>, so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as <a href="Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox Spaces</a>, <a href="Asana_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asana (software)">Asana</a>, and <a href="SurveyMonkey" title="SurveyMonkey">SurveyMonkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced <a href="Bring_your_own_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Bring your own key">bring your own key</a> (BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through <a href="Okta%2C_Inc." title="Okta, Inc.">Okta</a> that allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tt1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tt1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK.<sup id="cite_ref-cw_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cw-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans.<sup id="cite_ref-tt1_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tt1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A version for <a href="Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a> was released on December 1, 2023, which requires using an external iOS device as the user's camera.<sup id="cite_ref-tvosverge_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvosverge-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>Zoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> universities, healthcare providers, and government agencies,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for ceremonies such as birthday parties,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> funeral services,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah">bar and bat mitzvah</a> services.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with <a href="Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> to create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the <a href="Hungarian_Grand_Prix" title="Hungarian Grand Prix">Hungarian Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An article published in July 2020 in the <i><a href="San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i> noted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include "Zoom rooms" with backdrops for Zoom calls.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Richard_Nelson_(playwright)" title="Richard Nelson (playwright)">Richard Nelson</a>'s play <i>What Do We Need to Talk About?</i> takes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> using the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by <a href="The_Public_Theater" title="The Public Theater">The Public Theater</a> and premiered on <a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> on April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance. <i><a href="The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> called it "the first great original play of quarantine".<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Oprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward</i> was a live virtual experience hosted by <a href="Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> on Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Source Material's 2020 play, <i>In These Uncertain Times</i>, directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British <a href="Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">found-footage</a> horror film <i><a href="Host_(film)" title="Host (film)">Host</a></i>, directed by <a href="Rob_Savage" title="Rob Savage">Rob Savage</a>, features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote séance on Zoom, and premiered on <a href="Shudder_(streaming_service)" title="Shudder (streaming service)">Shudder</a> in July 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A live reading of <a href="Kristoffer_Diaz" title="Kristoffer Diaz">Kristoffer Diaz</a>'s 2009 play <i><a href="The_Elaborate_Entrance_of_Chad_Deity" title="The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity">The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity</a></i> over Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15t to August 20, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2021 film <i><a href="Locked_Down_(2021_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Locked Down (2021 film)">Locked Down</a></i>, directed by <a href="Doug_Liman" title="Doug Liman">Doug Liman</a> and starring <a href="Anne_Hathaway" title="Anne Hathaway">Anne Hathaway</a> and <a href="Chiwetel_Ejiofor" title="Chiwetel Ejiofor">Chiwetel Ejiofor</a>, characters communicate through Zoom conferences.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>From July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and <a href="Alma_Mater_Europaea" title="Alma Mater Europaea">Alma Mater Europaea</a> used Zoom Webinar to conduct the first "round-the-clock and round-the-globe" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, a format of conferences that "virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West",<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became common, some of them running for several days.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film <i><a href="Fast_Times_at_Ridgemont_High" title="Fast Times at Ridgemont High">Fast Times at Ridgemont High</a></i> was hosted by <a href="Dane_Cook" title="Dane Cook">Dane Cook</a>, with performers including <a href="Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a>, <a href="Jennifer_Aniston" title="Jennifer Aniston">Jennifer Aniston</a>, <a href="Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a>, original cast member <a href="Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a>, <a href="Matthew_McConaughey" title="Matthew McConaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a>, <a href="Shia_LaBeouf" title="Shia LaBeouf">Shia LaBeouf</a>, <a href="Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (who served as the narrator), <a href="Jimmy_Kimmel" title="Jimmy Kimmel">Jimmy Kimmel</a>, <a href="Ray_Liotta" title="Ray Liotta">Ray Liotta</a>, and <a href="John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a>, to raise money for the charity <a href="Community_Organized_Relief_Effort" title="Community Organized Relief Effort">CORE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The broadcast of the <a href="72nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="72nd Primetime Emmy Awards">72nd Primetime Emmy Awards</a> on September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On an alternate music video for the 2020 single "<a href="Ice_Cream_(Blackpink_and_Selena_Gomez_song)" title="Ice Cream (Blackpink and Selena Gomez song)">Ice Cream</a>" by <a href="Blackpink" title="Blackpink">Blackpink</a> featuring <a href="Selena_Gomez" title="Selena Gomez">Selena Gomez</a>, the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series <i>Zoom Where It Happens</i>, airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of <i><a href="The_Golden_Girls" title="The Golden Girls">The Golden Girls</a></i>, reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of <i><a href="Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a></i>, hosted by <a href="Gabrielle_Union" title="Gabrielle Union">Gabrielle Union</a> and featuring <a href="Sterling_K._Brown" title="Sterling K. Brown">Sterling K. Brown</a> and <a href="Uzo_Aduba" title="Uzo Aduba">Uzo Aduba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

Familiarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global <a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the <a href="2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During the 2024 US Presidential elections, the Democrats used Zoom to host mega-rallies to raise funds for Kamala Harris’ campaign. Zoom rallies attracted large numbers of viewers and raised millions of dollars. In one instance, a Zoom rally was disrupted when attendees exceeded the 100,000 cap for the Zoom corporate account and Zoom employees raised the group’s cap to 200,000 so the call could continue with such a large number of attendees.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<p>Zoom has been criticized for "security lapses and poor design choices" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lopez_2020_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez_2020-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of Zoom's issues "surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings", which <a href="Citizen_Lab" title="Citizen Lab">Citizen Lab</a> found to "also, by design, reduce privacy or security".<sup id="cite_ref-citlab_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citlab-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Donnell_2020_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donnell_2020-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2020, <a href="New_York_State_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Attorney General">New York State Attorney General</a> <a href="Letitia_James" title="Letitia James">Letitia James</a> launched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices.<sup id="cite_ref-nyag_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyag-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for "large institutions with full IT support".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2020, Zoom added support for <a href="Two-factor_authentication" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-factor authentication">two-factor authentication</a> to its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Siemens_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siemens-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a>, the <a href="German_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="German Ministry of Foreign Affairs">German Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>, the <a href="Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Indian Ministry of Home Affairs</a>, <a href="SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>, and the <a href="New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-who_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy">Privacy</h3></div>

<p>Zoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In March 2020, a <a href="Motherboard_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motherboard (website)">Motherboard</a> article found that the company's <a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> app was sending device analytics data to <a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> on startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the <a href="Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">SDK</a> after learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information.<sup id="cite_ref-wallst1_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallst1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in <a href="U.S._Federal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Federal Court">U.S. Federal Court</a> for illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom responded that it "has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward".<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to <a href="LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a>, allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, the companies disabled their integration.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020, the <a href="Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> announced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FTC alleged in a complaint<sup id="cite_ref-FTC-complaint_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTC-complaint-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that since at least 2016, "Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed <a href="Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act" title="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act">HIPAA</a> compliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised."<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an <a href="Information_security" title="Information security">information security</a> program, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures.<sup id="cite_ref-FTC-agreement_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FTC-agreement-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vulnerabilities">Vulnerabilities</h4></div>

<p>In November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof <a href="User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a> messages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a <a href="Zero-day_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-day (computing)">zero-day</a> vulnerability allowing any website to force a <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> user to join a Zoom call, with their <a href="Video_camera" title="Video camera">video camera</a> activated, without the user's permission.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Attempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where <a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> users' <a href="Credential#Information_technology" title="Credential">credentials</a> could be exposed.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoom issued a fix in April 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Motherboard reported that there were two Zoom <a href="Zero-day_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-day (computing)">zero-days</a> for macOS and Windows respectively, selling for $500,000, on April 15, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Security bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers.<sup id="cite_ref-nytdropbox_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytdropbox-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the <a href="Dark_web" title="Dark web">dark web</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytdropbox_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytdropbox-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former <a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> CSO <a href="Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a>, former <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> global lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the <a href="NCC_Group" title="NCC Group">NCC Group</a>, and <a href="Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> cryptographer <a href="Matthew_D._Green" title="Matthew D. Green">Matthew D. Green</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On April 20, 2020, the <i><a href="New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> reported that <a href="Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a> engineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the <i>New York Times</i> noted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks.<sup id="cite_ref-nytdropbox_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytdropbox-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wallst1_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallst1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-wallst2_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallst2-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for <a href="MacBook" title="MacBook">Mac</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, as well as Zoom mobile apps.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On August 12, 2022, <a href="Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired magazine</a> reported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom <a href="Macintosh_operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh operating systems">Mac OS</a> desktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a <a href="Privilege_escalation" title="Privilege escalation">privilege escalation</a> attack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zoombombing">Zoombombing</h4></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Zoombombing" title="Zoombombing">Zoombombing</a></div>

<p>"<a href="Zoombombing" title="Zoombombing">Zoombombing</a>" is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the <a href="DataSpii" title="DataSpii">DataSpii</a> leak.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing.<sup id="cite_ref-techrep_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techrep-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also created a new "report a user to Zoom" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Encryption_practices">Encryption practices</h4></div>

<p>Zoom encrypts its public data streams, using <a href="TLS_1.2" class="mw-redirect" title="TLS 1.2">TLS 1.2</a> with AES-256 (<a href="Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">Advanced Encryption Standard</a>) to protect <a href="Signaling_(telecommunications)" title="Signaling (telecommunications)">signaling</a>, and AES-128 to protect <a href="Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming media</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use "<a href="End-to-end_encryption" title="End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encryption</a>" in its marketing materials,<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but later clarified it meant "from Zoom end point to Zoom end point" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which <i><a href="The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i> described as misleading and "dishonest".<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Alex_Stamos" title="Alex Stamos">Alex Stamos</a>, a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at <a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of <a href="Google_Hangouts" title="Google Hangouts">Google Hangouts</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a>, and <a href="Cisco_Webex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Webex">Cisco Webex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnbc1_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc1-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired <a href="Keybase" title="Keybase">Keybase</a>, a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward.<sup id="cite_ref-wiredkeybase_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiredkeybase-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in <a href="Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_(ECB)" title="Block cipher mode of operation">ECB mode</a>, which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the <a href="China_Internet_Security_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="China Internet Security Law">China Internet Security Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-citlab_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citlab-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to <a href="End-to-end_encryption" title="End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> so that they could cooperate with the <a href="Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> and law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, they said that they do not "proactively monitor meeting content".<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher <a href="Nadim_Kobeissi" title="Nadim Kobeissi">Nadim Kobeissi</a> accused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public <a href="Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">character assassination</a> attempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_routing">Data routing</h3></div>

<p>Zoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in <a href="Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company later announced that data of free users outside of China would "never be routed through China" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulatory_issues">Regulatory issues</h3></div>

<p>In August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the <a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in breach of the <a href="General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">General Data Protection Regulation</a> (GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the <i><a href="Schrems_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Schrems II">Schrems II</a></i> ruling, data that is transferred out of the EU must be protected as the GDPR requires. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_video_telecommunication_services_and_product_brands" title="List of video telecommunication services and product brands">List of video telecommunication services and product brands</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoom_fatigue" title="Zoom fatigue">Zoom fatigue</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJadali2019" class="citation web cs1">Jadali, Sam (July 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://securitywithsam.com/2019/07/dataspii-leak-via-browser-extensions/">"DataSpii - A global catastrophic data leak via browser extensions"</a>. <i>Security with Sam</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKan2020" class="citation news cs1">Kan, Michael (April 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/got-a-zoom-bombing-problem-zoom-will-soon-let-you-report-attacks-in-real">"Got a Zoom-Bombing Problem? Zoom Will Soon Let You Report Attacks in Real Time"</a>. <i>PC Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200505183345/https://www.pcmag.com/news/got-a-zoom-bombing-problem-zoom-will-soon-let-you-report-attacks-in-real">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/201362723-Encryption-for-Meetings">"Encryption for Meetings"</a>. Zoom Communications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408173352/https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/201362723-Encryption-for-Meetings">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/207599823-End-To-End-Encryption-for-Chat">"Advanced Encryption for Chat"</a>. Zoom Communications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407035927/https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/207599823-End-To-End-Encryption-for-Chat">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLeeGrauer2020" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Micah; Grauer, Yael (March 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2020/03/31/zoom-meeting-encryption/">"Zoom Meetings Aren't End-to-End Encrypted, Despite Misleading Marketing"</a>. <i><a href="The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402121430/https://theintercept.com/2020/03/31/zoom-meeting-encryption/">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Currently, it is not possible to enable E2E encryption for Zoom video meetings. (...) When we use the phrase 'End to End' in our other literature, it is in reference to the connection being encrypted from Zoom end point to Zoom end point.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-cnbc1-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnbc1_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStankiewicz2020" class="citation news cs1">Stankiewicz, Kevin (April 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/17/zoom-advisor-alex-stamos-still-trusts-zoom-for-his-video-meetings.html">"Ex-Facebook security chief, now Zoom advisor, says he still trusts Zoom for his video meetings"</a>. <i><a href="CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200422112834/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/17/zoom-advisor-alex-stamos-still-trusts-zoom-for-his-video-meetings.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-wiredkeybase-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wiredkeybase_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Barrett, Brian (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/zoom-keybase-godaddy-breach-ransomware-nest-security-news/">"Security News This Week: Zoom Security Gets a Boost With Keybase Acquisition"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200517010402/https://www.wired.com/story/zoom-keybase-godaddy-breach-ransomware-nest-security-news/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/07/zoom-acquires-keybase-to-get-end-to-end-encryption-expertise/">"Zoom acquires Keybase to get end-to-end encryption expertise"</a>. <i><a href="TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a></i>. May 7, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515181731/https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/07/zoom-acquires-keybase-to-get-end-to-end-encryption-expertise/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhitney2020" class="citation news cs1">Whitney, Lance (May 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-zoom-plans-to-better-secure-meetings-with-end-to-end-encryption/">"How Zoom plans to better secure meetings with end-to-end encryption"</a>. <i>Tech Republic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527003129/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-zoom-plans-to-better-secure-meetings-with-end-to-end-encryption/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2020" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Adi (June 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/3/21279355/zoom-end-encryption-calls-fbi-police-free-users">"Zoom says free users won't get end-to-end encryption so FBI and police can access calls"</a>. <i><a href="The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611131312/https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/3/21279355/zoom-end-encryption-calls-fbi-police-free-users">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jun/03/zoom-privacy-law-enforcement-technology-yuan">"Zoom to exclude free calls from end-to-end encryption to allow FBI cooperation"</a>. <i><a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. June 4, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611082512/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jun/03/zoom-privacy-law-enforcement-technology-yuan">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStatt2020" class="citation news cs1">Statt, Nick (June 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/17/21294355/zoom-security-end-to-end-encryptoin-beta-release-july-2020-new-feature">"Zoom says free users will get end-to-end encryption after all"</a>. <i><a href="The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116205028/https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/17/21294355/zoom-security-end-to-end-encryptoin-beta-release-july-2020-new-feature">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/zoom/zoom-e2e-whitepaper">"Zoom encryption whitepaper"</a>. <i><a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. June 17, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116205033/https://github.com/zoom/zoom-e2e-whitepaper">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nadim.computer/posts/2020-09-07-loathing.html">"Fear and Loathing in Protocol Analysis"</a>. September 7, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116205030/https://nadim.computer/posts/2020-09-07-loathing.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhittaker2020" class="citation news cs1">Whittaker, Zack (April 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/03/zoom-calls-routed-china">"Zoom admits some calls were routed through China by mistake"</a>. <i><a href="TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200409185647/https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/03/zoom-calls-routed-china/">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2020/04/14/this-new-zoom-control-allows-you-to-stop-chats-being-routed-through-china/">"This New Zoom Control Allows You To Stop Chats Being Routed Through China"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116205036/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2020/04/14/this-new-zoom-control-allows-you-to-stop-chats-being-routed-through-china/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/04/14/zoom_geo_routing_upgrade/">"Zoom adds Choose Your Own Routing Adventure to keep chats out of China"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116205041/https://www.theregister.com/2020/04/14/zoom_geo_routing_upgrade/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKarabus" class="citation web cs1">Karabus, Jude. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2021/08/17/zoom_incompatible_with_gdpr_hamburg_warning/">"Zoom incompatible with GDPR, claims data protection watchdog for the German city of Hamburg"</a>. <i>www.theregister.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zoom.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Turkish)</span></li></ul>

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</style><div id="COVID-19_pandemic131143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><b><a href="COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a></b> (disease)</li>

<li><b><a href="SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a></b> (virus)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Timeline6181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pre-pandemic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="SARS" title="SARS">Severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS)</li>

<li><a href="MERS" title="MERS">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS)</li>

<li><a href="Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li>

<li><a href="Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li>

<li><a href="Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li>

<li><a href="Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">November</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">December</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">January</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">February</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">March</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">April</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">August</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">September</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">October</a>

<ul><li><a href="Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022">November</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022">December</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023">Timeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations49269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="COVID-19_timeline_by_country_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 timeline by country in Africa">timeline</a></li><li><br><a href="National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">national<br>responses</a>)</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria">Algeria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Libya">Libya</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan">Sudan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi">Burundi</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya">Kenya</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia">Somalia</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland">Puntland</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Angola">Angola</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana">Botswana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi">Malawi</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia">Namibia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">list of deaths</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia">Zambia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon">Gabon</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana">Ghana</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<ul><li>2020

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(March%E2%80%93July_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)">March–July</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(August%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)">August–December</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li>

<li>impact

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">education</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea">Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia">Liberia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niger">Niger</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena%2C_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central/North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li>

<li>impact

<ul><li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">social</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo">Tokyo</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics">2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Macau">Macau</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">respirator diplomacy</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">Mainland China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">lockdown</a>

<ul><li>detail</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">vaccination</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing">Beijing</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics">2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Henan">Henan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">Hubei</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai">Shanghai</a>

<ul><li><a href="2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak" title="2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak">2022 outbreak</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet">Tibet</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives">Maldives</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan">Pakistan</a>

<ul><li><a href="2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">economic impact</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_India#Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">evacuations</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">migrant workers' crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">statistics</a></li>

<li>timeline

<ul><li>2020

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(January%E2%80%93May_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)">January–May</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(June%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)">June–December</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">union government response</a>

<ul><li><a href="PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state government responses</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">vaccination</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vaccine_Maitri" title="Vaccine Maitri">Vaccine Maitri</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Assam">Assam</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar">Bihar</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a>

<ul><li><a href="2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana">Haryana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">Kerala</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur">Manipur</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha">Odisha</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry">Puducherry</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab%2C_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana">Telangana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura">Tripura</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei">Brunei</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia">Indonesia</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions" title="Indonesia large-scale social restrictions">social restrictions</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement" title="Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement">Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures" title="2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures">circuit breaker response</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">vaccination</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">statistics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">Thailand</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">vaccination</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">statistics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>impact

<ul><li><a href="Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">social</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">political</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Aid and relief efforts</a></li>

<li><a href="Malaysian_movement_control_order" title="Malaysian movement control order">movement control order</a></li>

<li><a href="2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia">Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot</a></li>

<li>timeline

<li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Johor">Johor</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah">Sabah</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor">Selangor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">community quarantines</a>

<ul><li><a href="Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon" title="Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon">Luzon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic">evacuations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#COVID-19_testing_controversy" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">testing controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">vaccination</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga">Caraga</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region">Davao Region</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li>

<li><a href="Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic">Overseas Filipinos</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(country)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">Israel</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan">Jordan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar">Qatar</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia">vaccination</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">Syria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">history</a></li>

<li>timeline

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)">January–June 2021</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)">July–December 2021</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)">January–June 2022</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)">July–December 2022</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a>

<ul><li><a href="British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a>

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Rescript" title="Operation Rescript">Operation Rescript</a></li>

<li><a href="Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom">contracts</a></li></ul></li>

<li>impact

<ul><li><a href="Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">social</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">education</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">England</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<ul><li>2020

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">London</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England" title="COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England">local lockdown regulations</a></li>

<li><a href="First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England" title="First COVID-19 tier regulations in England">first tier regulations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">Scotland</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">Wales</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">Jersey</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus">Belarus</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova">Moldova</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government responses</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political impact</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">Ukraine</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea">Crimea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Balkans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">Serbia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austria">Austria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">Croatia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark">Denmark</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia">Estonia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Finland">Finland</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Åland">Åland</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy">Normandy</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">Germany</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li>

<li><a href="German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greece">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">economic impact</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">social impact</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">vaccination</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy">lockdowns</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia">Latvia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malta">Malta</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Poland">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">Romania</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias">Asturias</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a>

<ul><li><a href="Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a>

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Gloria" title="Operation Gloria">Operation Gloria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EFTA countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norway">Norway</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microstates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra">Andorra</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco">Monaco</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino" title="COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino">San Marino</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North<br>America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland">Greenland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">economic impact</a>

<ul><li><a href="Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">federal aid</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">vaccination</a>

<ul><li>by province</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Laser" title="Operation Laser">military response</a></li>

<li><a href="Atlantic_Bubble" title="Atlantic Bubble">Atlantic Bubble</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">Alberta</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Ontario</a>

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel Region</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">Toronto</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York">York Region</a></li>

<li><a href="Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Provincial government response</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Vaccination</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec">Quebec</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal">Montreal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic">boroughs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados">Barbados</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica">Dominica</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada">Grenada</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">Haiti</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba">Aruba</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French West Indies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">US insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belize">Belize</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras">Honduras</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">vaccination</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Panama">Panama</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration communication</a></li>

<li>timeline

<li><a href="Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">social impact</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic impact</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">2021 hospital crisis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li>

<li><a href="U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state and local governments</a>

<ul><li><a href="California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">California government response</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New York government response</a></li>

<li><a href="Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Texas government response</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council" title="Eastern States Multi-state Council">Eastern States Multi-state Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact" title="Midwest Governors Regional Pact">Midwest Governors Regional Pact</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_States_Pact" title="Western States Pact">Western States Pact</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">Boston</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus%2C_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland%2C_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin%2C_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington%2C_D.C." title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>

<ul><li><a href="White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru">Nauru</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Palau">Palau</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville">Bougainville</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa">Samoa</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga">Tonga</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>timeline

<li>2021

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)">January–June</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)">July–December</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland">Queensland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia">South Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria">Victoria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>timeline

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">economic impact</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand">Alert levels</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_Protection_Framework" title="COVID-19 Protection Framework">Traffic light system</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">social impact</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand">managed isolation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South<br>America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">Argentina</a>

<ul><li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">human rights</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">Chile</a>

<ul><li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">Colombia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana">Guyana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco">Cusco</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname">Suriname</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess"><i>Diamond Princess</i></a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess"><i>Grand Princess</i></a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle"><i>Charles de Gaulle</i></a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt">USS <i>Theodore Roosevelt</i></a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact18755" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and<br> entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and<br>cultural heritage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">References in popular culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Corona-chan" title="Corona-chan">Corona-chan</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting">U.S. sports</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education">Female education</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">Homeschooling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy" title="2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy">exam grading controversy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bio-secure_bubble" title="Bio-secure bubble">Bio-secure bubble</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">Association football</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball">Baseball</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball">Basketball</a>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">Combat sports</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">Cricket</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football">Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">Motorsport</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">Rugby league</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society<br> and rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Social media</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">Stigma</a></li>

<li><a href="Pox_party#COVID-19_party" title="Pox party">COVID-19 parties</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a>

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pandemic_baking" title="Pandemic baking">Pandemic baking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">Indian migrant workers</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">Great Resignation</a></li>

<li><a href="Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_Myanmar_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">Myanmar</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea#History" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan#0" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">Abortion in the U.S.</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">African communities</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability community</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li>

<li><a href="Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">COVID-19 scams</a></li>

<li><a href="Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport">Aviation</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">Airlines</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a>

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">ICU capacity</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li>

<li><a href="Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Mink farming</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supply and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li>

<li><a href="2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage" title="2020–2023 global chip shortage">Chip supply</a></li>

<li><a href="2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 global energy crisis">Energy</a></li>

<li><a href="2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">Global supply chain</a></li>

<li><a href="2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li>

<li><a href="Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li>

<li><a href="2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 inflation surge">Inflation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li>

<li><a href="Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia's response</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">Governments</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li>

<li>By country

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 misinformation in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Political impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2021_Abkhazia_unrest" title="2021 Abkhazia unrest">Abkhazia</a></li>

<li><a href="17A" title="17A">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 protests in Australia">Australia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Convoy_to_Canberra" title="Convoy to Canberra">Convoy to Canberra</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2020_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2020 Azerbaijani protests">Azerbaijan</a></li>

<li><a href="2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">Belarus</a></li>

<li><a href="2022_Brussels_protests" title="2022 Brussels protests">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Brazil</a>

<ul><li><a href="2020_Brazilian_protests" title="2020 Brazilian protests">2020 protests</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_Brazilian_protests" title="2021 Brazilian protests">2021 protests</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests" title="2020–2021 Bulgarian protests">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 protests in Canada">Canada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests" title="2019–2022 Chilean protests">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">China</a>

<ul><li><a href="2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest" title="2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest">Beijing Sitong Bridge protest</a></li>

<li><a href="2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests" title="2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests">healthcare reform protests</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Colombia" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Colombia</a>

<ul><li><a href="2021_Colombian_protests" title="2021 Colombian protests">2021 protests</a></li>

<li><a href="2022_Colombian_protests" title="2022 Colombian protests">2022 protests</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">France</a>

<ul><li><a href="Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests">Yellow vests protests</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">labor protests</a></li>

<li><a href="2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies" title="2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies">French West Indies social unrest</a></li>

<li><a href="France_convoy_protest" title="France convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 protests in Germany">Germany</a>

<ul><li><a href="2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">Idar-Oberstein shooting</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2021_Greek_protests" title="2021 Greek protests">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 protests in Israel">Israel</a>

<ul><li><a href="2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu">protests against Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_Mongolian_protests" title="2021 Mongolian protests">Mongolia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a>

<ul><li><a href="2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">curfew riots</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a>

<ul><li><a href="2022_Wellington_protest" title="2022 Wellington protest">Wellington protest</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="2021_Paraguayan_protests" title="2021 Paraguayan protests">Paraguay</a></li>

<li><a href="2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests" title="2020–2022 Serbian protests">Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="2021_Tunisian_protests" title="2021 Tunisian protests">Tunisia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 protests in the United States">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Moldovan–Romanian collaboration</a></li>

<li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6104900" class="extiw external" title="d:Q6104900">Nicaragua–Taiwan relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_diplomacy" title="Vaccine diplomacy">Vaccine diplomacy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthropause" title="Anthropause">Anthropause</a></li>

<li><a href="Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">Doomscrolling</a></li>

<li><a href="Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">Green recovery</a></li>

<li><a href="Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Quarantini</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li>

<li><a href="Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">Superspreader</a></li>

<li><a href="Twindemic" title="Twindemic">Twindemic</a></li>

<li><a href="Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">Zoom towns</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals" title="COVID-19 pandemic and animals">Animals</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women">Pregnant women</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a>

<ul><li><a href="Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li>

<li><a href="Endemic_COVID-19" title="Endemic COVID-19">Endemic COVID-19</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">Skin manifestations</a></li>

<li><a href="Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li>

<li><a href="Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a>

<ul><li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological%2C_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19–related health issues</a></li>

<li><a href="Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li>

<li><a href="Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li>

<li><a href="Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">Rehabilitation</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Unproven medical methods</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing and<br>epidemiology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">Operation Moonshot</a></li>

<li><a href="Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">Test to Release</a></li>

<li><a href="UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">UK Rapid Test Consortium</a>

<ul><li><a href="AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">AbC-19 rapid antibody test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origins</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak theory</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">Rapid antigen test</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting COVID-19 deaths</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li>

<li><a href="BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li>

<li><a href="CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">careFIJI</a></li>

<li><a href="Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Corona-Warn-App" title="Corona-Warn-App">Corona-Warn-App</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application" title="COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application">COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">COVID Alert</a> (Canada)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID AlertSA</a> (South Africa)</li>

<li><a href="COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">COVID Tracker Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li>

<li><a href="Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li>

<li><a href="Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Code">Health Code</a></li>

<li><a href="Healthy_Together" title="Healthy Together">Healthy Together</a></li>

<li><a href="Immuni" title="Immuni">Immuni</a></li>

<li><a href="Koronavilkku" title="Koronavilkku">Koronavilkku</a></li>

<li><a href="LeaveHomeSafe" title="LeaveHomeSafe">LeaveHomeSafe</a></li>

<li><a href="MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">MySejahtera</a></li>

<li><a href="NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li>

<li><a href="NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li>

<li><a href="NZ_Pass_Verifier" title="NZ Pass Verifier">NZ Pass Verifier</a></li>

<li><a href="PathCheck" title="PathCheck">PathCheck</a></li>

<li><a href="PeduliLindungi" title="PeduliLindungi">PeduliLindungi</a></li>

<li><a href="SafeEntry" title="SafeEntry">SafeEntry</a></li>

<li><a href="SafePass" title="SafePass">SafePass</a></li>

<li><a href="StaySafe.ph" title="StaySafe.ph">StaySafe.ph</a></li>

<li><a href="SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">SwissCovid</a></li>

<li><a href="TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li>

<li><a href="Test%2C_Trace%2C_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">Test, Trace, Protect</a></li>

<li><a href="Thai_Chana" title="Thai Chana">Thai Chana</a></li>

<li><a href="TousAntiCovid" title="TousAntiCovid">TousAntiCovid</a></li>

<li><a href="TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li>

<li><a href="Valtrace" title="Valtrace">Valtrace</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoe_Health_Study" title="Zoe Health Study">Zoe Health Study</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a> (<a href="Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box" title="Corsi–Rosenthal Box">Corsi–Rosenthal Box</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">COVID fatigue</a></li>

<li><a href="Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>

<li><a href="Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-mask_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-mask sentiment">Anti-mask sentiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li>

<li><a href="Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Clinical research</a></li>

<li><a href="Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">Development</a></li>

<li><a href="EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate" title="EU Digital COVID Certificate">EU Certificate</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19" title="Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19">Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li>

<li><a href="Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">Post-vaccination complications</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">ZyCoV-D</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li>

<li><a href="Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li>

<li><a href="COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">COVIran Barekat</a></li>

<li><a href="CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">CoviVac (Russia)</a></li>

<li><a href="FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">FAKHRAVAC</a></li>

<li><a href="Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">Minhai</a></li>

<li><a href="QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">QazCovid-in</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm WIBP</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkovac" title="Turkovac">Turkovac</a></li>

<li><a href="Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="MRNA_vaccine" title="MRNA vaccine">mRNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li>

<li><a href="Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">Abdala</a></li>

<li><a href="Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a> (Bio E COVID-19)</li>

<li><a href="COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">COVAX-19</a></li>

<li><a href="EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a></li>

<li><a href="IndoVac" title="IndoVac">IndoVac</a></li>

<li><a href="Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">Noora</a></li>

<li><a href="Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm CNBG</a></li>

<li><a href="Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">Soberana 02</a></li>

<li><a href="Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">Soberana Plus</a></li>

<li><a href="ZF2001" title="ZF2001">ZF2001</a> (Zifivax)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">Viral vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li>

<li><a href="Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li>

<li><a href="Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li>

<li><a href="Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CoVLP" title="CoVLP">CoVLP</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">COVI-VAC (United States)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID‑19">AG0302-COVID‑19</a></li>

<li><a href="Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">Inovio</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Bangavax" title="Bangavax">Bangavax</a></li>

<li><a href="CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">CureVac</a> (terminated)</li>

<li><a href="PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">PTX-COVID19-B</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–Translate Bio</a> (terminated)</li>

<li><a href="Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine">Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine</a></li>

<li><a href="Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">Walvax</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subunit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">EuCorVac-19</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">Nanocovax</a></li>

<li><a href="ReCOV" title="ReCOV">ReCOV</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a></li>

<li><a href="Skycovione" title="Skycovione">Skycovione</a></li>

<li><a href="V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">V451</a> (terminated)</li>

<li><a href="Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">Vabiotech</a></li>

<li><a href="West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">West China Hospital</a></li>

<li><a href="ZF2001" title="ZF2001">Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral vector</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">AdCLD-CoV19</a></li>

<li><a href="BriLife" title="BriLife">BriLife</a></li>

<li><a href="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</a></li>

<li><a href="ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">ImmunityBio</a></li>

<li><a href="INCOVACC" title="INCOVACC">iNCOVACC</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine">Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ABNCoV2" title="ABNCoV2">ABNCoV2</a></li>

<li><a href="MigVax-101" title="MigVax-101">MigVax-101</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment<br>by location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">Algeria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">Angola</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">Botswana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">Burundi</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">Ghana</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">Mainland China</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">Israel</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">Nepal</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">France</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">Moldova</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">Sweden</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Ontario</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">Haiti</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a>

<ul><li><a href="Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li>

<li><a href="Dexamethasone#COVID‑19" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">Open-source ventilator</a></li>

<li><a href="PANORAMIC_trial" title="PANORAMIC trial">PANORAMIC trial</a> (UK)</li>

<li><a href="RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li>

<li><a href="Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">Bamlanivimab/etesevimab</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a></li>

<li>Etesevimab</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bebtelovimab" title="Bebtelovimab">Bebtelovimab</a></li>

<li><a href="Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">Casirivimab/imdevimab</a></li>

<li><a href="Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li>

<li><a href="Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li>

<li><a href="Tixagevimab/cilgavimab" title="Tixagevimab/cilgavimab">Tixagevimab/cilgavimab</a></li>

<li><a href="Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Small molecule antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">Broad-spectrum</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ensitrelvir" title="Ensitrelvir">Ensitrelvir</a></li>

<li><a href="Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">Molnupiravir</a></li>

<li><a href="Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">Remdesivir</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Co-packaged

<ul><li><a href="Nirmatrelvir" title="Nirmatrelvir">Nirmatrelvir</a></li>

<li><a href="Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir" title="Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir">ritonavir</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants1351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li>

<li><a href="Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#B.1.640.2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Lineage B.1.640.2</a></li>

<li><a href="SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Institutions5420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals and<br>medical clinics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li>

<li><a href="Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li>

<li><a href="Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">Fangcang hospitals</a></li>

<li><a href="Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li>

<li><a href="Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li>

<li><a href="Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li>

<li><a href="Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li>

<li><a href="Garran_Surge_Centre" title="Garran Surge Centre">Garran Surge Centre</a> (Australia)</li>

<li><a href="Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li>

<li><a href="SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">SevenHills Hospital</a> (India)</li>

<li><a href="Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a> (Indonesia)</li>

<li><a href="Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a> (North Korea)</li>

<li><a href="Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a> (Malaysia)</li>

<li><a href="Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">Mega Ligtas COVID Centers</a> (Philippines)</li>

<li><a href="Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a> (Sri Lanka)</li>

<li><a href="Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>

<li><a href="Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a> (England)

<ul><li><a href="NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li>

<li><a href="NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">London</a></li>

<li><a href="NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">North East</a></li>

<li><a href="NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">North West</a></li>

<li><a href="NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">NHS Louisa Jordan</a> (Scotland)</li>

<li><a href="Dragon's_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon's Heart Hospital</a> (Wales)</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet</a> (Australia)</li>

<li><a href="ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">ScienceUpFirst</a> (Canada)</li>

<li><a href="Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li>

<li><a href="Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">Independent SAGE</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health<br>institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li>

<li><a href="Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li>

<li><a href="Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health (Hong Kong)</a></li>

<li><a href="Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency</a> (South Korea)</li>

<li><a href="National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">National Institute for Communicable Diseases</a> (South Africa)</li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pandemic<br>institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board</a> (Australia)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li>

<li><a href="PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li>

<li><a href="National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19</a> (India)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li>

<li><a href="National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li>

<li><a href="Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li>

<li><a href="Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li>

<li><a href="Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee</a> (Philippines)</li>

<li><a href="Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li>

<li><a href="Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li>

<li><a href="Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board</a> (Turkey)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">Joint Biosecurity Centre</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">Vaccine Taskforce</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a> (United States)</li>

<li><a href="Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li>

<li><a href="White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li>

<li><a href="White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United States)</li>

<li><a href="GACH" title="GACH">GACH</a> (Uruguay)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relief funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li>

<li><a href="Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People7149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical<br>professionals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li>

<li><a href="Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li>

<li><a href="Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li>

<li><a href="Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li>

<li><a href="Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li>

<li><a href="Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">Dale Fisher</a></li>

<li><a href="George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li>

<li><a href="Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li>

<li><a href="Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li>

<li><a href="Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li>

<li><a href="Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">Matt Keeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li>

<li><a href="Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li>

<li><a href="W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li>

<li><a href="Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li>

<li><a href="Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">Shabir Madhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li>

<li><a href="Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">Camilla Rothe</a></li>

<li><a href="Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li>

<li><a href="Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li>

<li><a href="Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">Mike Tildesley</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li>

<li><a href="Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li>

<li><a href="Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">Zhang Yongzhen</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li>

<li><a href="Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li>

<li><a href="Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li>

<li><a href="Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li>

<li><a href="Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li>

<li><a href="Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li>

<li><a href="Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">Chang Shan-chwen</a> (Taiwan)</li>

<li><a href="Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a> (Thailand)</li>

<li><a href="Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li>

<li><a href="Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li>

<li><a href="Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">Victor Costache</a> (Romania)</li>

<li><a href="Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">Fabrizio Curcio</a> (Italy)</li>

<li><a href="Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li>

<li><a href="Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li>

<li><a href="Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a> (Germany)</li>

<li><a href="Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque III</a> (Philippines)</li>

<li><a href="Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li>

<li><a href="Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">Francesco Paolo Figliuolo</a> (Italy)</li>

<li><a href="Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Graça Freitas">Graça Freitas</a> (Portugal)</li>

<li><a href="Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">Henrique Gouveia e Melo</a> (Portugal)</li>

<li><a href="Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">Hamad Hasan</a> (Lebanon)</li>

<li><a href="Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a> (Australia)</li>

<li><a href="Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li>

<li><a href="Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">Jeong Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li>

<li><a href="Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li>

<li><a href="Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li>

<li><a href="Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez">Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez</a> (Mexico)</li>

<li><a href="Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">Michael McBride</a> (Northern Ireland)</li>

<li><a href="Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">Oriol Mitjà</a> (Andorra)</li>

<li><a href="Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">Zweli Mkhize</a> (South Africa)</li>

<li><a href="Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li>

<li><a href="Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma Möller">Alma Möller</a> (Iceland)</li>

<li><a href="Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">Saeed Namaki</a> (Iran)</li>

<li><a href="Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">Ala Nemerenco</a> (Moldova)</li>

<li><a href="Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguyễn Thanh Long">Nguyễn Thanh Long</a> (Vietnam)</li>

<li><a href="Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li>

<li><a href="Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">Ali Pilli</a> (Northern Cyprus)</li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">Daniel Salinas</a> (Uruguay)</li>

<li><a href="J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">Jérôme Salomon</a> (France)</li>

<li><a href="Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">Fernando Simón</a> (Spain)</li>

<li><a href="Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li>

<li><a href="Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">Su Ih-jen</a> (Taiwan)</li>

<li><a href="%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">Łukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li>

<li><a href="Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li>

<li><a href="Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li>

<li><a href="%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="Þórólfur Guðnason">Þórólfur Guðnason</a> (Iceland)</li>

<li><a href="Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li>

<li><a href="Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Harsh Vardhan</a> (India)</li>

<li><a href="V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="Víðir Reynisson">Víðir Reynisson</a> (Iceland)</li>

<li><a href="Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">Carla Vizzotti</a> (Argentina)</li>

<li><a href="Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">Vlad Voiculescu</a> (Romania)</li>

<li><a href="Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li>

<li><a href="Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li>

<li><a href="Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> (United States)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li>

<li><a href="Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">Joseph Ashitey Hammond</a></li>

<li><a href="Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li>

<li><a href="Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">Captain Tom Moore</a></li>

<li><a href="Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li>

<li><a href="Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country_subdivision" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision</a></li>

<li>WHO situation reports

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a>

<ul><li>January 2020</li>

<li>February 2020</li>

<li>March 2020</li>

<li>April 2020</li>

<li>August 2020</li>

<li>September 2020</li>

<li>October 2020</li>

<li>November 2020</li>

<li>December 2020</li>

<li>January 2021</li>

<li>February 2021</li>

<li>March 2021</li>

<li>April 2021</li>

<li>August 2021</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a>

<ul><li><a href="COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Graphics" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">China</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li>

<li><a href="COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Algeria</li>

<li>Angola</li>

<li>Benin</li>

<li>Botswana</li>

<li>Burkina Faso</li>

<li>Burundi</li>

<li>Cameroon</li>

<li>Comoros</li>

<li>Egypt</li>

<li>Eswatini</li>

<li>Ethiopia</li>

<li>Ghana

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Ivory Coast</li>

<li>Kenya</li>

<li>Libya</li>

<li>Malawi</li>

<li>Mauritania</li>

<li>Mauritius</li>

<li>Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)</li>

<li>Mozambique</li>

<li>Nigera

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>São Tomé and Príncipe</li>

<li>Senegal</li>

<li>Seychelles</li>

<li>Sierra Leone</li>

<li>South Africa

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>South Sudan</li>

<li>Sudan</li>

<li>Tanzania</li>

<li>Tunisia</li>

<li>Uganda</li>

<li>Zambia</li>

<li>Zimbabwe

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Bolivia</li>

<li>Brazil</li>

<li>Canada

<ul><li>by province</li>

<li>vaccinations by province</li></ul></li>

<li>Chile

<ul><li>by commune</li></ul></li>

<li>Colombia</li>

<li>Costa Rica

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Dominican Republic</li>

<li>Ecuador</li>

<li>El Salvador</li>

<li>Guatemala</li>

<li>Haiti</li>

<li>Honduras</li>

<li>Mexico

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Nicaragua</li>

<li>Panama</li>

<li>Paraguay</li>

<li>United States

<ul><li>by state</li></ul></li>

<li>Uruguay</li>

<li>Venezuela</li></ul>

<ul><li>Afghanistan</li>

<li>Armenia

<ul><li>Artsakh</li></ul></li>

<li>Azerbaijan</li>

<li>Bahrain</li>

<li>Bangladesh

<ul><li>by division</li></ul></li>

<li>Bhutan

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Brunei</li>

<li>Cambodia

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>summary</li></ul></li>

<li>China

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>confirmed per capita</li>

<li>lockdowns</li>

<li>by province</li>

<li>Macau</li></ul></li>

<li>Cyprus</li>

<li>East Timor</li>

<li>Egypt</li>

<li>Georgia</li>

<li>India</li>

<li>Indonesia

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Iran

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Israel

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Japan

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Jordan</li>

<li>Kazakhstan</li>

<li>Kuwait cases chart</li>

<li>Kyrgyzstan</li>

<li>Lebanon</li>

<li>Malaysia

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>charts</li></ul></li>

<li>Myanmar

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>summary</li></ul></li>

<li>Nepal

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Oman

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Pakistan

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Philippines

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>areas of quarantine</li>

<li>vaccinations chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Qatar</li>

<li>Russia

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>by federal subject</li></ul></li>

<li>Saudi Arabia</li>

<li>Singapore</li>

<li>South Korea

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>vaccinations charts</li></ul></li>

<li>Sri Lanka</li>

<li>Syria</li>

<li>Taiwan

<ul><li>vaccination charts</li></ul></li>

<li>Tajikistan</li>

<li>Thailand cases chart</li>

<li>Turkey

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>United Arab Emirates

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Uzbekistan

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Vietnam

<ul><li>statistics charts</li></ul></li>

<li>Yemen</li></ul>

<ul><li>Albania</li>

<li>Austria

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Belarus</li>

<li>Belgium

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Bosnia and Herzegovina</li>

<li>Bulgaria

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Croatia</li>

<li>Cyprus</li>

<li>Czech Republic</li>

<li>Denmark

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>Faroe Islands</li></ul></li>

<li>Estonia cases chart</li>

<li>Finland</li>

<li>France

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Germany cases chart</li>

<li>Greece</li>

<li>Hungary</li>

<li>Iceland

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Ireland

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Italy

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>statistics charts</li>

<li>vaccinations chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Kosovo</li>

<li>Latvia cases chart</li>

<li>Lithuania cases chart</li>

<li>Luxembourg</li>

<li>Malta</li>

<li>Moldova</li>

<li>Monaco</li>

<li>Montenegro</li>

<li>Netherlands</li>

<li>North Macedonia</li>

<li>Norway

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Poland

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>by voivodeship</li></ul></li>

<li>Portugal

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Romania</li>

<li>cases chart</li>

<li>Russia

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>by federal subject</li></ul></li>

<li>San Marino</li>

<li>Serbia</li>

<li>Slovakia

<ul><li>cases chart</li>

<li>by region</li></ul></li>

<li>Slovenia cases chart</li>

<li>Spain cases chart</li>

<li>Sweden

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Switzerland cases chart</li>

<li>Turkey

<ul><li>cases chart</li></ul></li>

<li>Ukraine</li>

<li>United Kingdom

<ul><li>Gibraltar</li>

<li>vaccinations chart

<ul><li>daily</li>

<li>by nation</li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li>Vatican City</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Australia by state/territory</li>

<li>French Polynesia</li>

<li>New Caledonia</li>

<li>New Zealand</li>

<li>Papua New Guinea</li>

<li>Solomon Islands</li></ul>

<ul><li>Antarctica</li>

<li><i>Diamond Princess</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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